O julgamento de Sócrates aplica-se verdadeiramente ao que faz o governo com os professores. Condena-os com juízos preconcebidos por praticarem a instrução dos jovens. A direção da escola, com freqüência, institui um tribunal formado por coordenadores e diretores para desautorizar o professor quando este quer oferecer aos alunos a melhor instrução. E, pior, a cegueira, paupável como as trevas domina não só a instiuição e seus servidores, mas também alunos e seus responsáveis. E esta é a razão pela qual recebo alunos incapazes de conversar com um texto e de explorar as situações colocadas pelo enunciador.

Hoje estou lendo Apologia de Sócrates, escrito por Platão. Havia lido há muitos anos atrás e fiquei muito impressionado com a coragem de Sócrates. Ele defende a sua filosofia mesmo ao custo de morrer. No capítulo XII, uma pergunta muito pertinente:"que é melhor viver entre virtuosos cidadãos ou entre malvados?" "Eu, no entanto, diz Sócrates, sou tão ignorante que não sei nem isso; que se tornassem maus alguns daqueles que estavam comigo, correria o risco de receber dano, se é que faço um tão grande mal, como dizes. Não me convences. No entanto, não os corrompo, ou, se os corrompo, é sem querer, e em ambos os casos mentiste. E, se os corrompo involutarimanete, não há leis que mandem trazer aqui alguém, por tais fatos involuntários, mas há as que mandam conduzí-lo em particular, instruindo-os, advertindo-o; é evidente que, se me convencer, cessarei de fazer o que estaava fazendo sem querer. tu, me vez de orientar-me com teus ensinamentos, evitaste encontrar-me e instruir-me, não o quiseste; e me conduzes aqui, onde a lie ordena trazer os que precisam de castigo e não de instrução."

Intolerance is an error which breeds psychological disorder
Intolerance breeds psychological disorder. An intolerant person intentionally closes his mind. Thus he loses the stimulation, challenges, and benefits gained from interacting with persons holding differing views. Intolerance leads to a hardening of the psychological arteries which need the lifeblood of diversity.The intolerant person ignores what has been called the law of the forgotten breakthrough. This refers to the fact that religious movements begin with a founder who breaks through the accepted ways of thinking and behaving. But eventually the movement which the founder inspired becomes rigid and institutionalized itself. The intolerant person is often focused on matters which are far from the spiritual centre of the original founder’s example and teachings. He desires that every person conform to his way of thinking and acting. Intolerance is not a sign of the strength of one’s conviction but rather it is a sign of weakness of personal character.

Intolerance is failure of intelligence Intolerance is a failure of intelligence. It acts upon conclusions without acknowledging the process which produced the conclusions. The Truth taught by the various religions of the world are conclusions. They have been arrived at and transmitted through human experience. The intolerant person neglects the process and proclaims his or her view as the only Truth. But in reality all Truths are products of inductive reasoning. You may start at the beginning of the process or at the end but the process is universal. If you start with the conclusion you use a deductive approach and may claim your Truth as beyond reasoning and thus a revelation. The claim of the intolerant person may, of course, be true but intelligence sees a problem. The Truth proclaimed by the intolerant person is only one of many such claims which differ among themselves. What does one do in this case? To say there is only one Truth-claim is to deny reality. It is unintelligent to do so.

Estive pensando sobre a Reforma Protestante. Acointece que encontrei um romance que aborda os acontecimentos do século xIV que antecederam e lançaram as bases para a Reforma. Neste Romance Wicliff, o famoso tradutor da Bíblia para o Inglês, se opõe 'a venda de relíquias.
Acontece que o Sacro Império Romano Germânico abrangia diversos ducados, condados e principados sob o domínio do Imperador Carlos V. Ora, todos esses príncipes queriam a sua autonomia tanto do Papa quanto do Imperador.
Assim que os Reformadores começaram a propagar suas interpretações da Bíblia esses príncipes tomaram a iniciativa de apoiar os exegetas protestantes. 1. Porque o povo estava adotando tais idéias, ou seja, havia uma ideologia para estimular o povo a se rebelar contra o Império e contra a Igreja; 2. Independência ideológica significa também independência política e, principalmente, econômica. Enfim, os príncipes e duques continuariam a cobrar impostos para si e não mais para o Império!
Que tal?

Filme: Transamérica
Um trangender se prepara para realizar a cirurgia de mudança de sexo quando recebe um telefone informando que tem um filho. O Rapaz chama-se Toby. Está preso em New York e tem 17 anos de idade. Bree (ou Stanley) vai até ele, paga a fiança e tenta devolvê-lo ao padastro. Bree fica sabendo que a mãe do seu filho se enforcou e que Toby fugiu de casa porquê o padastro o molestava sexualmente.
Toby sobrevive da prostituição - com homens e consome drogas. Stanley tenta ajudá-lo mas Toby foge quando fica sabendo quem Bree realmente. Bree realiza a cirugia. Toby começa a fazer filmes pornográficos. Toby procura Bree e esta o recebe como filho. Excelente para mostrar que não existe um mundo ideal, nem pessoas ideais e que nossos padrões precisam se ajustar àquilo que Deus colocou diante de nós.
Não creio que seja uma defesa daquele ou deste comportamento. Simplesmente mostra a vida árdua que qualquer ser humano vive.
Excelente atuações, fotografia leve e clara, personagens cativantes e, principalmente, acima da polarização entre o bem e o mal.
Refletir sobre a condição humana.

Sol de Cada Manhã (em inglês chama-se O Homem do Tempo).

Nicolas Cage atua como este apresentador(David) do noticiário sobre o tempo. Ele precisa ajustar sua vida afetiva. As relações com o pai, com os filhos e com a ex-esposa com quem ele quer reatar.
Ele fica sabendo através do pai dele que a filha sofre discriminações na escola. Então David leva a filha para viajar consigo e ajuda-a a defender-se contra isso.
O filho dele está sendo assediado por um conselheiro escolar. David vai até a casa do homem e resolve o problema com os punhos. Depois aconselha o filho.
David recebe uma oferta de emprego emoutra emissora, em outra cidade. Contrato de um milhão de dólares. Ele aceita. Mas não consegue reatar com a ex-mulher.
Estilo de personagem do Nicolas Cage: problemático, tímido, introvertido, apaixonado, sério, amistoso e humano, demasiadamente humano. Excelente.

Filmes que assisti neste mês:
Eragon

Conta a história de um jovem destinado a ser o libertador de seu povo. Ele enfrenta um poderoso feiticeiro. Possui uma espada mágica e voa sobre um dragão. Fábula nos moldes tradicionais. Ilustra pelas inúmeras referências à Literatura oral, aos Contos de Fada e à História da Alta Idade Média. Efeitos especiais normais. Boa fotografia. Figurinos cuidadosos.

Assassination and Tango

Este filme que aluguei, protagonizado por Richard Dreifuss, apresenta o fascinante mundo do Tango nas casas noturnas argentinas. Um assassino profissional recebe um contrato para matar um general que assassinou o filho dos contratantes durante a ditadura. Mas ao invés de permanecer três dias na Argentina, o assassino acaba ficando três semanas e aproveita para fazer amigos e ter lições de Tango.
Um pouco da cidade de Buenos Aires, dos ambientes e alguns trechos falados em espanhol. Narração coerente, com força criativa, aberta para muitas reflexões. Excelente.

Cold Moutain

Filme sobre um jovem chamado Emanuel que vai para a Guerra Civil american e deixa uma noiva esperando por ele. Narração dramática e contundente. Fotografia maravilhosa, efeitos especiais brilhantes, atuações tocantes e profissionais. Com Jude Law e a maravilhosa Nicole Kidman. Os dois fazem filmes excelentes.
O jovem leva consigo um livro com uma fotografia da namorada dentro. Ele se encontra dentro de uma trincheira. Os soldados inimigos destroem a trincheira. Emanuel tenta salvar um amigo e fica muito ferido. Levado para um hospital; após a recuperação,ele deserta do exército e começa uma marcha longa de volta para sua noiva. Capturado por caçadores de recompensa, sobrevive a um ataque de militares. Recolhido numa cabana por uma senhora que lhe ministra atendimento para os ferimentos.
Enquanto isso, na pequena cidade onde vive, Nicole Kidman sofre com a morte do pai, a espera pelo noivo e o assédio de um criminoso. Junto com outra moça, começa a ajudar as pessoas da cidade.
Quando encontra o noivo não o reconhece fisicamente. Depois que ele grita o nome dela, ela abaixa a arma e corre para ele.
Contudo, ele acaba sendo morto por caçadores de recompensa.

Twende piedade meu Deus misericórdia! Naimensidão de vosso amor, purificai-me!

Liturgia das Horas
Oração da manhã

Jesus, autor da clemência, gozo, esperança e perdão,fonte de graça e de doçura, delícia do coração.
Do penintente esperança, aos suplicantes atendeis. Sois bom com quem vos procura. Se vos achar que sereis?

The following is a excerpt from a comic romance probably composed during the reign of Nero. The picture of Trimalchio, the coarse freedman parvenu, who has nothing to commend him but his money, and who is surrounded by countless parasites and creatures of his whims, is one of the most clever and unsparing delineations in ancient literature. .

At last we went to recline at table where boys from Alexandria poured snow water on our hands, while others, turning their attention to our feet, picked our nails, and not in silence did they perform their task, but singing all the time. I wished to try if the whole retinue could sing, and so I called for a drink, and a boy, not less ready with his tune, brought it accompanying his action with a sharp-toned ditty; and no matter what you asked for it was all the same song.

The first course was served and it was good, for all were close up at the table, save Trimalchio, for whom, after a new fashion, the place of honor was reserved. Among the first viands there was a little ass of Corinthian bronze with saddle bags on his back, in one of which were white olives and in the other black. Over the ass were two silver platters, engraved on the edges with Trimalchio's name, and the weight of silver. Dormice seasoned with honey and poppies lay on little bridge-like structures of iron; there were also sausages brought in piping hot on a silver gridiron, and under that Syrian plums and pomegranate grains.

We were in the midst of these delights when Trimalchio was brought in with a burst of music. They laid him down on some little cushions, very carefully; whereat some giddy ones broke into a laugh, though it was not much to be wondered at, to see his bald pate peeping out from a scarlet cloak, and his neck all wrapped up and a robe with a broad purple stripe hanging down before him, with tassels and fringes dingle-dangle about him.

Then going through his teeth with a silver pick, "my friends," quoth he, "I really didn't want to come to dinner so soon, but I was afraid my absence would cause too great a delay, so I denied myself the pleasure I was at---at any rate I hope you'll let me finish my game." A slave followed, carrying a checkerboard of turpentine wood, with crystal dice; but one thing in particular I noticed as extra nice---he had gold and silver coins instead of the ordinary black and white pieces. While he was cursing like a trooper over the game and we were starting on the lighter dishes, a basket was brought in on a tray, with a wooden hen in it, her wings spread round, as if she were hatching.

Then two slaves came with their eternal singing, and began searching the straw, whence they rooted out some peahen's eggs, and distributed them among the guests. At this Trimalchio turned around---"Friends," he says, "I had some peahen's eggs placed under a hen, and so help me Hercules!---I hope they're not hatched out; we'd better try if they're still tasty." Thereupon we took up our spoons---they were not less than half a pound weight of silver---and broke the eggs that were made of rich pastry. I had been almost on the point of throwing my share away, for I thought I had a chick in it, until hearing an old hand saying, "There must be something good in this," I delved deeper---and found a very fat fig-pecker inside, surrounded by peppered egg yolk.

At this point Trimalchio stopped his game, demanded the same dishes, and raising his voice, declared that if anyone wanted more liquor he had only to say the word. At once the orchestra struck up the music, as the slaves also struck up theirs, and removed the first course. In the bustle a dish chanced to fall, and when a boy stooped to pick it up, Trimalchio gave him a few vigorous cuffs for his pains, and bade him to "throw it down again"---and a slave coming in swept out the silver platter along with the refuse. After that two long-haired Ethiopians entered with little bladders, similar to those used in sprinkling the arena in the amphitheater, but instead of water they poured wine on our hands. Then glass wine jars were brought in, carefully sealed and a ticket on the neck of each, reading thus: "Opimian Falernia, One hundred years old."

[Davis: Presently one of the guests remarks, first on how completely Trimalchio is under the thumb of his wife; next he comments on the gentleman's vast riches.] "So help me Hercules, the tenth of his slaves don't know their own master.... Some time ago the quality of his wool was not to his liking; so what does he do, but buys rams at Tarentum to improve the breed. In order to have Attic honey at home with him, he has bees brought from Attica to better his stock by crossing it with the Greek. A couple of days ago he had the notion to write to India for mushroom seed. And his freedmen, his one-time comrades [in slavery] they are no small cheese either; they are immensely well-off. Do you see that chap on the last couch over there? Today he has his 800,000 sesterces. He came from nothing, and time was when he had to carry wood upon his back.... He has been manumitted only lately, but he knows his business. Not long ago he displayed this notice: "Caius Pompeius Diogenes, Having Taken A House Is Disposed To Let His Garret From The Kalends Of July."

[After a very long discussion in like vein and a vulgar display of luxuries and riches, Trimalchio condescends to tell the company how he came by his vast wealth.] "When I came here first [as a slave] from Asia, I was only as high as yonder candlestick, and I'd be measuring my height on it every day, and greasing my lips with lamp oil to bring out a bit of hair on my snout. Well, at last, to make a long story short, as it pleased the gods, I became master in the house, and as you see, I'm a chip off the same block. He [my master] made me coheir with Caesar, and I came into a royal fortune, but no one ever thinks he has enough. I was mad for trading, and to put it all in a nutshell, bought five ships, freighted them with wine---and wine was as good as coined money at that time--and sent them to Rome. You wouldn't believe it, every one of those ships was wrecked. In one day Neptune swallowed up 30,000,000 sesterces on me. D'ye think I lost heart? Not much! I took no notice of it, by Hercules! I got more ships made, larger, better, and luckier; that no one might say I wasn't a plucky fellow. A big ship has big strength---that's plain! Well I freighted them with wine, bacon, beans, perfumes, and slaves. Here Fortuna (my consort) showed her devotion. She sold her jewelry and all her dresses, and gave me a hundred gold pieces---that's what my fortune grew from. What the gods ordain happens quickly. For on just one voyage I scooped in 10,000,000 sesterces and immediately started to redeem all the lands that used to be my master's. I built a house, bought some cattle to sell again---whatever I laid my hand to grew like a honeycomb. When I found myself richer than all the country round about was worth, in less than no time I gave up trading, and commenced lending money at interest to the freedmen. Upon my word, I was very near giving up business altogether, only an astrologer, who happened to come into our colony, dissuaded me.

"And now I may as well tell you it all---I have thirty years, four months and two days to live, moreover I"m to fall in for an estate---that's prophecy anyway. If I'm so lucky as to be able to join my domains to Apulia, I'll say I've got on pretty well. Meanwhile under Mercury's' fostering, I've built this house. Just a hut once, you know---now a regular temple! It has four dining rooms, twenty bedrooms, two marble porticoes, a set of cells upstairs, my own bedroom, a sitting room for this viper (my wife!) here, a very fine porter's room, and it holds guests to any amount. There are a lot of other things too that I'll show you by and by. Take my word for it, if you have a penny you're worth a penny, you are valued for just what you have. Yesterday your friend was a frog, he's a king today---that's the way it goes."

[Trimalchio goes on to show off to his guests the costly shroud, perfumes, etc., he has been assembling for his own funeral; and at last] we, the guests were already disgusted with the whole affair when Trimalchio, who, by the way, was beastly drunk, ordered in the cornet players for our

further pleasure, and propped up with cushions, stretched himself out at full length. "Imagine I'm dead," says he, "and play something soothing!" Whereat the cornet players struck up a funeral march, and one of them especially---a slave of the undertaker fellow---the best in the crowd, played with such effect that he roused the whole neighborhood. So the watchmen, who had charge of the district, thinking Trimalchio's house on fire, burst in the door, and surged in---as was their right---with axes and water ready. Taking advantage of such an opportune moment . . . we bolted incontinently, as if there had been a real fire in the place.

C. PETRONII SATIRICON LIBER


<. . .>

[I] "Num alio genere Furiarum declamatores inquietantur, qui clamant: 'Haec vulnera pro libertate publica excepi; hunc oculum pro vobis impendi: date mihi ducem, qui me ducat ad liberos meos, nam succisi poplites membra non sustinent'? Haec ipsa tolerabilia essent, si ad eloquentiam ituris viam facerent. Nunc et rerum tumore et sententiarum vanissimo strepitu hoc tantum proficiunt ut, cum in forum venerint, putent se in alium orbem terrarum delatos. Et ideo ego adulescentulos existimo in scholis stultissimos fieri, quia nihil ex his, quae in usu habemus, aut audiunt aut vident, sed piratas cum catenis in litore stantes, sed tyrannos edicta scribentes quibus imperent filiis ut patrum suorum capita praecidant, sed responsa in pestilentiam data, ut virgines tres aut plures immolentur, sed mellitos verborum globulos, et omnia dicta factaque quasi papavere et sesamo sparsa.

[II] "Qui inter haec nutriuntur, non magis sapere possunt quam bene olere qui in culina habitant. Pace vestra liceat dixisse, primi omnium eloquentiam perdidistis. Levibus enim atque inanibus sonis ludibria quaedam excitando, effecistis ut corpus orationis enervaretur et caderet. Nondum iuvenes declamationibus continebantur, cum Sophocles aut Euripides invenerunt verba quibus deberent loqui. Nondum umbraticus doctor ingenia deleverat, cum Pindarus novemque lyrici Homericis versibus canere timuerunt. Et ne poetas quidem ad testimonium citem, certe neque Platona neque Demosthenen ad hoc genus exercitationis accessisse video. Grandis et, ut ita dicam, pudica oratio non est maculosa nec turgida, sed naturali pulchritudine exsurgit. Nuper ventosa istaec et enormis loquacitas Athenas ex Asia commigravit animosque iuvenum ad magna surgentes veluti pestilenti quodam sidere adflavit, semelque corrupta regula eloquentia stetit et obmutuit. Ad summam, quis postea Thucydidis, quis Hyperidis ad famam processit? Ac ne carmen quidem sani coloris enituit, sed omnia quasi eodem cibo pasta non potuerunt usque ad senectutem canescere. Pictura quoque non alium exitum fecit, postquam Aegyptiorum audacia tam magnae artis compendiariam invenit."
Non est passus Agamemnon me diutius declamare in porticu, quam ipse in schola sudaverat, sed: "Adulescens, inquit, quoniam sermonem habes non publici saporis et, quod rarissimum est, amas bonam mentem, non fraudabo te arte secreta. nimirum in his exercitationibus doctores peccant qui necesse habent cum insanientibus furere. Nam nisi dixerint quae adulescentuli probent, ut ait Cicero, 'soli in scolis relinquentur'. Sicut ficti adulatores cum cenas divitum captant, nihil prius meditantur quam id quod putant gratissimum auditoribus fore — nec enim aliter impetrabunt quod petunt, nisi quasdam insidias auribus fecerint — sic eloquentiae magister, nisi tanquam piscator eam imposuerit hamis escam, quam scierit appetituros esse pisciculos, sine spe praedae morabitur in scopulo.

A maioridade penal no Brasil deve ser reduzida para a partir dos 16 anos. Atualmente os cidadãos e cidadãs brasileiros estão desprotegidos (são verdadeiros refens) de pessoas com mais de 15 anos e menos de 18 anos de idade.



Hoje eles podem quase tudo no Brasil:



· Podem ter filhos;

· Podem votar;

· Podem contrair matrimônio;

· Podem trabalhar como aprendizes ou estagiários;

· Podem receber emancipação;

· Para eles, crimes e contravenções penais mudam de nome, é tudo considerado ato infracional:



Veja estes exemplos:



· Furtar alguém, ato infracional;

· Roubar alguém, ato infracional;

· Seqüestrar alguém, ato infracional;

· Estuprar mulher, ato infracional;

· Matar alguém, ato infracional;

· Deteriorar patrimônio público, ato infracional;

· Desacato, ato infracional;

· Desobediência, ato infracional.